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1 Vieira, Álvaro Siza
(1933-)Architect of world renown, designer of many public buildings, including the Portuguese Pavilion at Lisbon's Expo '98, Portugal's end-of-the-century world's fair. Born in Matosinhos, near Oporto, from an early age Siza was fascinated with the art of drawing, a lifetime's vocation. Trained as an architect at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Oporto, Siza began to win commissions for various public places, including opportunities to design parks, churches, swimming pools, and residences of various kinds. Following early work in sculpture and watercolor, he devoted his professional efforts solely to creating a new architecture, under the influence of Oporto instructors as well as foreign architects, including the work of the revolutionary Le Corbusier of France. Among his more emblematic, minimalist works is the Church of Marco de Canavezes. The recipient of the most sought-after architectural prizes from various countries, and the architect of Expo '98's impressive Portuguese Pavilion, Siza's greatest professional honor to date is the equivalent of a Nobel Prize in architecture, the coveted Pritzker Prize, from the Hyatt Foundation, in Chicago. -
2 Architecture
Portugal maintains an important architectural legacy from a long history of contact with invaders and other visitors who brought architectural ideas from Western Europe and North Africa. Among the migrants were Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Germanic peoples, and Arabs, as well as visitors from France, Italy, Holland, Germany, Spain, and Great Britain.Architecture in Portugal has been influenced by the broad Western architectural styles, including Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassicism. Two Portuguese architectural styles are unique, the Manueline architectural style and the Pombaline, named after the dictator the Marquis of Pombal. Pre-Roman-esque styles include early Megalithic structures, Roman styles, and Moorish or Arab styles, when Portugal was occupied by Muslims (711-1290). This period of Moorish castles and mosques, most but not all of which were razed, was followed by the Romanesque period (1100-ca. 1230), when many churches, monasteries, castles, and palaces were constructed.There followed the Gothic period (ca. 1200-1450), which was dominated by buildings for the Church, the monarchy, and the nobility. Related to Portugal's overseas empire, the kingdom's new role briefly as a world power, especially on the seas, and to the reign of King Manuel I, is the Manueline architectural style, described by scholars as "Atlantic Baroque" (ca. 1490-1520), a bold Portuguese version of late Gothic style. This was followed by styles of Renaissance and Mannerism (ca. 1520-1650), including the "Plain style," which was influenced by Castilian styles under King Felipe I.Following the period 1580 to 1640, when Spain ruled Portugal, there was restoration architecture (1640-1717) and then the Baroque style (1717-55). The largest and most unusual building from this era, the Mafra Palace, is said to be even larger than Spain's El Escorial. Following the Lisbon Earthquake of 1755, was Pombaline style (1755-1860), a blend of late Baroque and Neoclassicism, which began when Pombal's government oversaw the reconstruction of large sections of central Lisbon. Modern architecture followed this period, a style influenced in the 20th century by one of Europe's best architecture schools, the so-called Escola do Porto (School of Oporto). This school is the Faculdade de Arquitectura (School of Architecture), and alumni include celebrated architects Fernando Tavora; Álvaro Siza Vieira, designer of the Portuguese pavilion at Expo '98, Lisbon; and Eduardo Souto de Moura. Despite tragic losses of historic structures due to urban development, since the 1930s many Portuguese governments have sought to preserve and restore the remaining historic legacy of architecture. -
3 EXPO '98
Portugal's world's fair, held from May to October 1998, set in Lisbon. Designed to commemorate and celebrate the 500th anniversary of Vasco da Gama's 1498 discovery of an all-water route to India, this was an ambitious undertaking for a small country with a developing economy. The setting of the exposition was remote eastern Lisbon, along the banks of the Tagus estuary. To facilitate logistics, Portugal opened a new Metro station (Oriente) for the Expo and the new Vasco da Gama Bridge, just northeast of the site. More than 10 million visitors, many of them from abroad but a large proportion from Spain and Portugal, arrived at the site by Metro, bus, taxi, or car and were guided by signs in three languages: Portuguese, Spanish, and English. To the dismay of Francophones, the choice of English and Spanish reflected both the nature of the globalization process and Portugal's growing connections with Europe and the wider world.The theme of Expo '98 was "The Oceans, Heritage for the Future," and the official mascot-symbol was "Gil," a cartoon characterization of a drop of ocean water, based on the suggestion of schoolchildren from the small town of Barrancos. Somewhat in the spirit of Disney's Mickey Mouse, "Gil" reflected cheeriness, but his message was serious, alerting the public to the fact that the oceans were endangered and fresh drinking water increasingly in short supply for a burgeoning world population. Among the outstanding structures at Expo '98 was the Pavilion of Portugal, designed by Portuguese architect Álvaro Siza Vieira, and the Pavilion of the Oceans or the Oceanarium (which remained open to the public after the exposition closed), which was designed by an American architect.Despite the general success of the fair, critics gave mixed reviews to the historic commemoration of the Discoveries facets of the effort. No vessel from Vasco da Gama's 1497-99 famous voyage was reproduced at the fair's dockside exhibit—although there was a 19th-century sailing vessel and a reproduction of one of the vessels from Christopher Columbus's first voyage, constructed by Portuguese in Madeira—nor was there much else on Vasco da Gama in the Pavilion of Portugal. Instead, visitors were impressed with a multimedia show based on knowledge of a Portuguese shipwreck, a 17th-century nau, found by archaeologists in recent years. The sound and light show in this lovely space was magnificent. The most popular exhibits were the Oceanarium and the Utopia Pavilion, where lines could be hours long. Despite the fact that Expo '98 made only a weak effort to attract visitors from outside Europe, the general consensus was that it was a successful enterprise, unique in Portugal's record of historic and contemporary expositions since 1940.
См. также в других словарях:
Álvaro Siza Vieira — Álvaro Joaquim de Melo Siza Vieira, GOSE, GCIH, (born 25 June 1933 in Matosinhos), who signs as Álvaro Siza Vieira (pron. IPA2| aɫvɐɾu sizɐ vi ɐiɾɐ) and is sometimes known as Álvaro Siza, is a contemporary Portuguese architect, son of Júlio Siza… … Wikipedia
Alvaro Siza Vieira — Alvaro Siza Pour les articles homonymes, voir Álvaro. Álvaro Siza Vieira (1933, Matosinhos) est un architecte portugais. Il a été diplômé en 1955 après avoir étudié à l École Supérieure des Beaux Arts Porto. Son style architectural est à la fois… … Wikipédia en Français
Álvaro Siza Vieira — Alvaro Siza Pour les articles homonymes, voir Álvaro. Álvaro Siza Vieira (1933, Matosinhos) est un architecte portugais. Il a été diplômé en 1955 après avoir étudié à l École Supérieure des Beaux Arts Porto. Son style architectural est à la fois… … Wikipédia en Français
Álvaro Siza Vieira — Der Boa Nova Tee Pavillon integriert sich in die Landschaft Álvaro Joaquim de Melo Siza Vieira (* 25. Juni 1933 in Matosinhos, Portugal), zählt zu den bedeutendsten zeitgenössischen europäischen Architekten. In Portugal gilt Siza als… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Álvaro Siza — Álvaro Joaquim de Melo Siza Vieira Información personal Nacimiento 25 de junio de 1933, 78 años Matosinhos, Portugal … Wikipedia Español
Álvaro Siza — Alvaro Siza Pour les articles homonymes, voir Álvaro. Álvaro Siza Vieira (1933, Matosinhos) est un architecte portugais. Il a été diplômé en 1955 après avoir étudié à l École Supérieure des Beaux Arts Porto. Son style architectural est à la fois… … Wikipédia en Français
Alvaro Siza — Der Boa Nova Tee Pavillon integriert sich in die Landschaft Álvaro Joaquim de Melo Siza Vieira (* 25. Juni 1933 in Porto Matosinhos, Portugal) zählt zu den bedeutendsten zeitgenössischen europäischen Architekten. In Portugal gilt Siza als… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Álvaro Siza — Der Boa Nova Tee Pavillon integriert sich in die Landschaft Álvaro Joaquim de Melo Siza Vieira (* 25. Juni 1933 in Porto Matosinhos, Portugal) zählt zu den bedeutendsten zeitgenössischen europäischen Architekten. In Portugal gilt Siza als… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Alvaro Siza — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Álvaro. Alvaro Siza Alvaro Siza, peinture 2010 Présentation … Wikipédia en Français
Siza Vieira — [ siza vi̯eɪra], Alvaro, portugiesischer Architekt, * Matosinhos 25. 6. 1933; studierte in Porto, seit 1958 eigenes Büro, seit 1965 Professor in Porto. Seine der Moderne und gleichzeitig den lokalen Fragestellungen verpflichteten Bauten machten … Universal-Lexikon
Vieira — is the Galician and Portuguese word for scallop [http://www.ancestry.com/learn/facts/fact.aspx? fid=10 fn= ln=Vieira] . It is a common Galician portuguese surname.Vieira may refer to:*Alice Vieira (1943 ndash; ), Portuguese author *Álvaro Siza… … Wikipedia
